Design and Implementation of a Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic System with Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Advanced Control Algorithms

Meera Reddy, Dr. Karthik Srinivasan

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sheshadri Rao Gudlavalleru Engineering college, Gudlavalleru, Krishna District

1. Abstract

The swift global shift towards renewable energy has accelerated the adoption of grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Within these systems, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is crucial for optimizing energy capture amid changing environmental factors like irradiance and temperature variations. This study details the design and implementation of a grid-connected solar PV system that incorporates sophisticated MPPT control algorithms. The proposed system architecture includes a PV array, a DC–DC boost converter, an MPPT controller, a grid-synchronized inverter, and advanced control strategies such as adaptive, AI-based, and hybrid optimization techniques. The research examines both traditional and advanced MPPT algorithms, including Perturb and Observe (P&O), Incremental Conductance (INC), fuzzy logic control (FLC), neural networks (NN), and hybrid swarm-based optimization methods. A new hybrid MPPT approach, which merges incremental conductance with adaptive intelligent tuning, is introduced to enhance tracking speed, minimize steady-state oscillations, and improve system stability under partial shading and transient conditions. The system is modeled using MATLAB/Simulink, with control loops for voltage regulation, DC-link stabilization, and grid synchronization implemented. Simulation results reveal that the proposed control scheme outperforms conventional MPPT techniques in terms of efficiency (>99%), rapid convergence, and low harmonic distortion. The system consistently delivers stable power to the grid with a unity power factor and reduced total harmonic distortion (THD). Additionally, the advanced algorithm effectively reduces power oscillations and enhances dynamic response during irradiance changes. This research offers a robust and scalable framework for integrating grid-connected PV systems using advanced control algorithms. The results underscore the potential of intelligent MPPT schemes for future smart grid applications, boosting reliability, efficiency, and the integration of renewable energy in modern power systems.

2. Keywords

Photovoltaic system connected to the grid; Tracking of Maximum Power Point (MPPT); Sophisticated control algorithms; Converter for boosting; Synchronization with the grid; Control using artificial intelligence; Integration of renewable energy; Modeling with MATLAB/Simulink; Quality of power; Intelligent grid.